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Included with a special double issue of Resonance magazine featuring writing by Ed Baxter, Clive Bell, Steve Beresford, David Toop, Alan Mcgee (Creation Records boss who started his promotional career at LMC) Paul Burwell, Peter Cusack, Sylvia Hallett, Maggie Nicols, Annabel Nicolson, Robin Ramsay (investigative journalist behind Lobster magazine), Richard Sanderson, Richard Scott, Terry Day.

In chemistry, resonance is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory. It has particular value for describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis structure.

Resonance structure are capable of describing delocalized electrons that cannot be expressed by a single Lewis formula with an integer number of covalent bonds. Sometimes one Lewis Structure is not Enough. Sometimes, even when formal charges are considered, the bonding in some molecules or ions cannot be described by a single Lewis structure. Resonance is a way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by a single Lewis formula. The double-headed arrow indicates that the actual electronic structure is an average of those shown, not that the molecule oscillates between the two structures. When it is possible to write more than one equivalent resonance structure for a molecule or ion, the actual structure is the average of the resonance structures. The Carbonate ((CO 3^{2−} )) Ion.

The carbon atoms at the six points are not drawn, but are understood to be there. Sometimes the hydrogens are left off, too. The following diagram shows the resonance structures of benzene with the location of the carbons identified by number. This makes it easier to see how the two resonance structures are different. You can't just flip them around and make them the same. The following diagram shows how to represent the resonance structures of benzene without the carbons, hydrogens, or numbers, which you may see in your studies.

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The resonance energy is defined as the difference between the electronic energy of a real (conjugated) molecule and a hypothetical Kekuléé structure with localized bonds. Resonance energy indices estimated by various methods.

Advances in Magnetic Resonance, Volume 6 focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of applying magnetic resonance methods to various problems in physical chemistry, emphasizing the different aspects of the exegesis of these problems. This book discusses the gas phase magnetic resonance of electronically excited molecules; techniques for observing excited electronic states; NMR studies in liquids at high pressure; and effect of pressure on self-diffusion in liquids. This text likewise deliberates the degeneracy of symmetry-related tensors; second and fourth moments in NQR spectroscopy for spins with I 1; and fourth moment for equivalent nuclei with spins I 1. This publication is valuable to physical chemists and students aiming to acquire knowledge on the application of magnetic resonance methods.

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Resonance Structures. The Lewis structure for certain molecules or ions can be drawn in more than one way. For example, for NO2- the number of valence electrons is 5 + 2 (6) + 1 18 e- (or 9 pairs), and we find that there are two equally valid Lewis structures that can be drawn: Which one is correct? Well, you would expect that the doubly bonded oxygen-nitrogen distance to be slightly less than the singly bonded distance. Actually, what is found experimentally is that both N-O distances are equivalent